Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC)

AAC

WHAT IS AAC?

With October being International AAC Awareness Month, let’s answer your questions about AAC. First, what is it exactly?

AAC stands for augmentative and alternative communication. Augmentative and alternative communication exists in many different forms, including no-tech, low-tech, and high-tech forms. Strictly speaking, AAC includes any non-verbal means of communication that is used as an alternative to spoken language or used to supplement the speech and language an individual already has. Sign language, communication boards and speech-generating devices (SGD) are three general areas of AAC.

  • Sign Language – Sign language is a common no-tech AAC option. Frequently functioning as a bridge to spoken language, sign language is often used to assist late-talking toddlers who experience frustration when they are not understood. It provides the toddler with an easier and more effective means of communicating his wants and needs and alleviates frustration.

  • Communication boards – Communication boards come in a variety of sizes and can be individualized to meet the child’s communication needs in a variety of settings. They are an amazing low-tech option to take the place of or augment spoken language. Based on the abilities and preferences of the child, communication boards may include letters, symbols, pictures, written words or phrases, or any combination of these.

  • Speech-Generating Devices (SGD) – Speech-generating devices are the most common high-tech AAC option that include tablets and computers. These devices are best suited for individuals with complex communication needs, as the technology can allow for a variety of selection methods ranging from direct selection of buttons using a finger or hand, to using a switch for remote navigation of the screen, to employing eye gaze for the same.

Above all, it is essential to remember that whatever a child’s mode of communication – whether it be spoken words, sign language, a communication board, or a speech-generating device. As the child’s “voice”, the AAC should be accessible to the child at all times and in all places.

BUT WON’T AN AAC DEVICE HINDER MY CHILD’S SPEECH AND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT?

A common misconception many people have about AAC devices is that they will impede natural speech and language development. For this reason, families sometimes feel reluctant to obtain an AAC device for their non-speaking or highly unintelligible child. However, this couldn’t be further from the truth. Rather than inhibit the natural development of language, AAC devices provide increased opportunities for language and communication modelling. Often, children who begin using AAC demonstrate progress in their speech and spoken language. The reason for this could be attributed to gaining confidence in their communication abilities, hearing significantly more language in a day (if an SGD), or, in the case of sign language, supporting fine motor movements for speech production with the gross motor movements of the signs.

HOW DO I KNOW IF MY CHILD WOULD BENEFIT FROM AAC?

If you think your child might benefit from AAC, the best course of action is to seek information from a licensed speech-language pathologist (SLP). The SLP will conduct a comprehensive evaluation of your child’s communication skills to determine if the child would benefit from AAC, and if so, what kind. Following the evaluation, the SLP will provide information on a variety of options along with the pros and cons of each. If a high-tech AAC device is deemed to be the most appropriate given the child’s communication needs and abilities, the speech therapist will assist you in obtaining a device that is individualized for your child. Together, the family and the therapist, or team of therapists, will work to identify the most efficient means of communication for your child to ensure that he always has a voice.

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